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Uzbekistan, between Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan in Central Asia, has a population of 27.8 million (2011) in an area of 447,400 km2 that is mostly desert in an arid climate. The country also has borders with Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. In the west, it borders the Aral Sea, which has been drying up due to overuse of inflowing river water for irrigation of crops in river valleys. Agriculture, mainly of cotton, occupies 10% of the land, occupies a fifth of the workforce, and contributes 18.9% to GDP. Rice, however, is an important part of the Uzbek diet. Rice is grown in summer under flood irrigation mostly in rotation with winter wheat.
Source: FAOSTAT database online and AQUASTAT database online, as of November 2012.
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Turkmenistan in Central Asia lies between Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan to the north and Iran and Afghanistan to the south; the Caspian Sea forms its western side. About 80% is desert with a tropical arid climate. Arable land, 3.9% of the country’s area of 488,100 km2, is along river valleys and almost all irrigated. Agriculture accounts for 14.6% of GDP and employs 30% of the population of 5.1 million (2011). Cotton and wheat are the major commodities; rice is a minor crop.
Source: FAOSTAT database online and AQUASTAT database online, as of November 2012.
www.waterfootprint.org/Reports/Report41-WaterFootprintCentralAsia.pdf.
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Timor-Leste is a tiny (14,874 km2) new country (independence in 2002) at the eastern end of Indonesia, where it occupies two parts of the island of Timor and two small islands between the Timor Sea to the south and the Banda Sea to the north. Eleven percent of the land area is arable. The land is mountainous, some parts rugged, and the climate is hot humid tropical, with marked wet (December-March) and dry (June-September) seasons. Although the country receives substantial oil revenue, the population of 1.15 million is still largely rural, with agriculture making up 25.6% of GDP and occupying 80% of the workforce. Maize and rice are the main crops.
Source: FAOSTAT database online and AQUASTAT database online, as of November 2012.